光伏设备信用证草稿 · 利比亚电力

Aman Bank 开立 / Al Masraf 保兑 / 受益人胜阳山 · 光伏设备 · USD 3,000–5,000 万 · 分批交付 · FOB 中国主要港口

一、交易要素

要素	内容
开证行	AMAN BANK FOR COMMERCE AND INVESTMENT, TRIPOLI, LIBYA（ABCNLYLTXXX）
保兑行	ARAB BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN TRADE（Al Masraf），ABU DHABI（ABINAEAAXXX）
申请人	利比亚电力部下属电力公司（正式名称待提供）
受益人	胜阳山国际贸易(上海)有限责任公司 SYS SOLARIS INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD
货物	光伏设备
金额	USD 3,000–5,000 万，分批交付
贸易术语	FOB 中国主要港口（Incoterms 2020）
通知行	浙江稠州商业银行（经 Al Masraf 转通知）

二、草稿的六个设计要点

兑付方式改为保兑行承兑远期：41A 设为 Al Masraf 承兑（BY ACCEPTANCE），42C 设为提单日后 180 天。Al Masraf 承兑后，受益人手上就有一张银行承兑的远期汇票，这是福费廷的前提。冻鸡那张证是即期付款，没有这个前提。
写明授权保兑行提前买断：78 栏授权 Al Masraf 应受益人要求，对已承兑汇票无追索贴现。依据是 UCP600 第 12(b) 条。这样即使稠州做不了，Al Masraf 自己也可以做。
保兑和承兑都写进证里：49 栏为 CONFIRM，58A 指定 Al Masraf。冻鸡那张证上，保兑行在指示里加了一条「议付后 47 个工作日付款」的付款安排；本稿明确不接受任何额外的付款安排，见 47A 第 9 条。
可转让：40A 设为可转让，并允许替换发票。胜阳山实收资本为零，没有能力垫付 3,000–5,000 万的光伏设备货款。可以把部分金额转让给上游光伏厂，由工厂直接用证收款，胜阳山赚差价。如果胜阳山能落实资金，可以去掉「TRANSFERABLE」。
分批只写「允许分批 + 最迟装运日」：不写成按期分批装运。按 UCP600 第 32 条，信用证里如果写了分期装运时间表，任何一期没有按时装运，这一期和以后各期都会失效。分批计划写在买卖合同里，不写进信用证。
单据只要受益人能控制的：
不要申请人签发的验货证书，这是典型的软条款。
不要求提单显示 IMO 号和目的港代理电话。
证号只要求显示在发票和汇票上。
按 FOB，提单写「运费到付」（FREIGHT COLLECT），不需要保险单，但要发装运通知，方便买方投保。

三、MT700 草稿

:27:  SEQUENCE OF TOTAL
      1/2

:40A: FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT
      IRREVOCABLE TRANSFERABLE

:20:  DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER
      [TO BE ASSIGNED BY ISSUING BANK]

:31C: DATE OF ISSUE
      [YYMMDD]

:40E: APPLICABLE RULES
      UCP LATEST VERSION

:31D: DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY
      [YYMMDD] AT THE COUNTERS OF THE CONFIRMING BANK, ABU DHABI, UAE

:51A: APPLICANT BANK
      ABCNLYLTXXX
      AMAN BANK FOR COMMERCE AND INVESTMENT, TRIPOLI, LIBYA

:50:  APPLICANT
      [FULL LEGAL NAME OF THE POWER COMPANY]
      [FULL ADDRESS], LIBYA

:59:  BENEFICIARY
      SYS SOLARIS INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD
      NO. 1091 XINHUAN NORTH ROAD, XINCHANG TOWN,
      PUDONG NEW AREA, SHANGHAI, CHINA
      A/C NO. [USD ACCOUNT NO.] WITH [BANK NAME]

:32B: CURRENCY CODE, AMOUNT
      USD [30,000,000.00 - 50,000,000.00]

:39A: PERCENTAGE CREDIT AMOUNT TOLERANCE
      05/05

:41A: AVAILABLE WITH ... BY ...
      ABINAEAAXXX
      BY ACCEPTANCE

:42C: DRAFTS AT ...
      180 DAYS AFTER BILL OF LADING DATE
      FOR 100 PCT OF INVOICE VALUE

:42A: DRAWEE
      ABINAEAAXXX

:43P: PARTIAL SHIPMENTS
      ALLOWED

:43T: TRANSHIPMENT
      ALLOWED

:44E: PORT OF LOADING
      ANY MAIN SEA PORT IN CHINA

:44F: PORT OF DISCHARGE
      ANY LIBYAN SEA PORT

:44C: LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT
      [YYMMDD]

:45A: DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/OR SERVICES
      SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC EQUIPMENT INCLUDING PV MODULES, INVERTERS,
      MOUNTING STRUCTURES, CABLES AND ACCESSORIES
      AS PER CONTRACT NO. [XXX] DATED [YYYY-MM-DD]
      AND PROFORMA INVOICE NO. [XXX] DATED [YYYY-MM-DD]
      FOB ANY MAIN SEA PORT IN CHINA (INCOTERMS 2020)

:46A: DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
      1. SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 3 ORIGINALS AND 3 COPIES
         SHOWING CONTRACT NO., THIS CREDIT NO. AND HS CODE.
      2. FULL SET (3/3) CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING
         ISSUED BY THE CARRIER OR ITS NAMED AGENT,
         MADE OUT TO ORDER OF AMAN BANK FOR COMMERCE AND
         INVESTMENT, TRIPOLI, MARKED "FREIGHT COLLECT"
         AND NOTIFY APPLICANT.
      3. PACKING LIST IN 3 ORIGINALS AND 3 COPIES.
      4. CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN ISSUED BY CCPIT OR CHINA CUSTOMS
         EVIDENCING CHINA ORIGIN.
      5. MANUFACTURER'S CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY
         CERTIFYING THAT THE GOODS COMPLY WITH THE CONTRACT,
         ACCOMPANIED BY COPIES OF IEC 61215 / IEC 61730 (FOR PV
         MODULES) AND IEC 62109 (FOR INVERTERS) CERTIFICATES.
      6. COPY OF BENEFICIARY'S SHIPPING ADVICE SENT TO THE
         APPLICANT BY EMAIL WITHIN 5 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT, SHOWING
         VESSEL NAME, B/L NO., B/L DATE, QUANTITY AND VALUE.
      7. BENEFICIARY'S CERTIFICATE STATING THAT ONE SET OF
         NON-NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS HAS BEEN SENT TO THE APPLICANT
         BY COURIER OR EMAIL WITHIN 7 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT.

:47A: ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
      1. EACH PARTIAL SHIPMENT MAY BE DRAWN SEPARATELY. QUANTITY
         AND AMOUNT PER SHIPMENT AS PER COMMERCIAL INVOICE.
      2. THIRD PARTY DOCUMENTS ARE ACCEPTABLE EXCEPT INVOICE
         AND DRAFT.
      3. DOCUMENTS DATED PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE DATE OF THIS CREDIT
         ARE ACCEPTABLE, EXCEPT THE BILL OF LADING.
      4. THE CREDIT NUMBER IS REQUIRED ON THE INVOICE AND THE
         DRAFT ONLY.
      5. FORWARDER'S BILLS OF LADING AND CHARTER PARTY BILLS OF
         LADING ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE.
      6. TRANSFER OF THIS CREDIT IS ALLOWED ONLY THROUGH THE
         CONFIRMING BANK. SUBSTITUTION OF INVOICES AND DRAFTS
         BY THE FIRST BENEFICIARY IS ALLOWED.
      7. A DISCREPANCY FEE OF USD 100 PER SET OF DOCUMENTS WILL BE
         DEDUCTED FROM PROCEEDS IF DOCUMENTS ARE DISCREPANT.
      8. THIS CREDIT IS REGISTERED WITH THE CENTRAL BANK OF LIBYA
         UNDER NO. [XXX] DATED [YYYY-MM-DD].
      9. THE CONFIRMING BANK'S OBLIGATION IS LIMITED TO ACCEPTANCE
         OF THE DRAFT UPON PRESENTATION OF COMPLYING DOCUMENTS AND
         PAYMENT AT MATURITY. NO ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS ON PAYMENT
         TIMING SHALL APPLY.
      10. SANCTIONS: THE BANKS' OBLIGATIONS ARE SUBJECT ONLY TO
          SANCTIONS LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE UN, EU, USA AND
          UAE BINDING ON THE RELEVANT BANK.

:71D: CHARGES
      ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE LIBYA, INCLUDING CONFIRMATION
      CHARGES AND ACCEPTANCE COMMISSION, ARE FOR APPLICANT'S
      ACCOUNT, EXCEPT DISCOUNT CHARGES, WHICH ARE FOR
      BENEFICIARY'S ACCOUNT.

:48:  PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION IN DAYS
      21 CALENDAR DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT BUT WITHIN THE
      VALIDITY OF THIS CREDIT

:49:  CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONS
      CONFIRM

:58A: REQUESTED CONFIRMATION PARTY
      ABINAEAAXXX

:78:  INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PAYING/ACCEPTING/NEGOTIATING BANK
      1. UPON RECEIPT OF COMPLYING DOCUMENTS, THE CONFIRMING BANK
         SHALL ACCEPT THE DRAFT AND ADVISE THE PRESENTING BANK OF
         THE ACCEPTANCE AND MATURITY DATE BY AUTHENTICATED SWIFT
         MESSAGE WITHIN 5 BANKING DAYS.
      2. THE CONFIRMING BANK IS AUTHORIZED TO DISCOUNT OR PURCHASE
         ITS ACCEPTED DRAFT WITHOUT RECOURSE TO THE BENEFICIARY
         AT THE BENEFICIARY'S REQUEST (UCP600 ARTICLE 12(B)).
      3. THE ISSUING BANK WILL REIMBURSE THE CONFIRMING BANK AT
         MATURITY AS PER ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN THE BANKS.

:57A: 'ADVISE THROUGH' BANK
      [CHOUZHOU COMMERCIAL BANK SWIFT BIC]
      ZHEJIANG CHOUZHOU COMMERCIAL BANK, [BRANCH], CHINA

四、关键栏位说明

栏位	草稿写法	为什么这么写	与冻鸡那张证的对比
40A	不可撤销、可转让	胜阳山没有垫资能力，可以把证转给上游工厂	原证不可转让
31D	在 Al Masraf 柜台到期	兑付行是 Al Masraf；交单期 21 天，效期要预留寄单时间	原证效期和装运期之间只有 21 天
41A / 42C / 42A	Al Masraf 承兑，提单日后 180 天	产生银行承兑的远期汇票，可以做福费廷	原证即期付款，保兑行又另行附加付款期
39A	±5%	光伏组件按功率和块数计价，实际数量会有出入	原证没有溢短装
44C	只写最迟装运日	避免 UCP600 第 32 条分期装运失效的风险	原证也只有最迟装运日
46A 第 2 项	承运人提单、运费到付、凭开证行指示	FOB 下由买方订舱，排除货代提单，防止货权失控	原证要求显示 IMO 号、代理电话
46A 第 5 项	生产厂质量数量证书 + IEC 认证复印件	由受益人一方出具，不依赖买方或第三方签字	原证要求 SGS 检验并附照片
47A 第 9 项	保兑行不得附加付款时间条件	堵住「议付后 47 个工作日」这类安排	原证保兑行指示第 5 条
47A 第 10 项	制裁范围限定为联合国、欧盟、美国、阿联酋	去掉没有边界的「国际合规机构」	原证保兑行指示第 6 条
71D	保兑费、承兑费由申请人承担，贴现费由受益人承担	3,000–5,000 万规模下，保兑费可达数十万美元	原证境外费用（含保兑费）全由受益人承担
78	授权保兑行无追索贴现	保兑行自己就可以做福费廷	原证没有

另一种写法：远期证即期付款（UPAS）。如果买方愿意承担远期利息，可以把 71D 改为「贴现费和承兑费由申请人承担」，并在 47A 加一条「DRAFTS AT 180 DAYS PAYABLE AT SIGHT」。这样受益人交单后即期收款，利息由买方承担，不需要再做福费廷。

五、能否做福费廷

5.1 结论

按本草稿开证，结构上可以做福费廷。 Al Masraf 承兑后出具承兑通知，受益人持有银行承兑的 180 天远期汇票，可以无追索卖出。
在稠州银行做的可能性低，主要卡在额度。 稠州买断的是 Al Masraf 的信用。3,000–5,000 万美元对一家城商行来说，是一笔很大的单一同业敞口；Al Masraf 的股东里有利比亚外国银行，多数中资行按利比亚风险管理。分批承兑以后，每批金额会小一些，但累计敞口不变。
最可行的路径是 Al Masraf 自己贴现：草稿 78 栏第 2 条已经授权。稠州可以作为通知行和寄单行，也可以作为安排行，把资产转卖给有额度的大行或福费廷二级市场。
成本：利比亚相关银行风险的 180 天福费廷，按年化 8%–10% 估算，约为票面的 4%–5%。3,000–5,000 万对应约 USD 120–250 万。这笔钱要在合同价里体现，或者改用 UPAS，由买方承担。

5.2 向稠州银行要问清的问题

#	问题	决定什么
1	对 Al Masraf（ABINAEAAXXX）有没有同业额度，额度多少	稠州能否直接买断
2	没有额度时，能否作为安排行转卖，转卖费多少	稠州能否参与
3	与 Al Masraf 之间有没有 SWIFT 密押（RMA）	稠州能否通知信用证、寄单
4	对利比亚国别和光伏设备的合规准入意见	能否进入审批
5	可转让信用证项下，第一受益人部分的福费廷怎么做	转让和福费廷能否并存

六、开证前必须核实的事项

#	事项	原因
1	电力公司的正式名称，以及它隶属东部还是西部政府	利比亚两个政府各有电力主管部门，决定申请人、货物去向和清关口岸
2	为什么由私营的 Aman Bank 为国有电力公司开证	国有企业一般通过国有银行开证、由预算拨款。私营银行为国企开 3,000–5,000 万的证不常见，要看采购合同、招标文件和拨款依据
3	利比亚央行的外汇审批	这么大金额要央行审批；也要确认 2026 年 9 月的信用证新程序是否适用
4	Al Masraf 是否接受本草稿的保兑和承兑条款	冻鸡那张证上，Al Masraf 把即期付款改成了延后付款。本草稿第 47A 条第 9 项直接排除了这种安排，要事先和 Al Masraf 确认
5	上游光伏厂的供货报价、交期和 IEC 认证	决定 45A 的货物描述、分批计划和胜阳山的利润
6	胜阳山的出口条件	转为一般纳税人、海关备案、外汇名录、资金或转让安排。光伏设备出口退税率以 HS 编码查询为准